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Potential sources of unintentionally produced PCB, HCB, and PeCBz in China: A preliminary overview

Xiaotu Liu, Heidelore Fiedler, Wenwen Gong, Bin Wang, Gang Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1036-9

摘要：

A preliminary analysis of potential sources for unintentionally produced PCB, HCB and PeCBz in China.

Activity rates of sources for reference years from 2000 to 2015 provided.

Emissions from a number of sources summarized and compared.

Implications for future research and regulation discussed.

关键词： Unintentionally produced POPs     Polychlorinated biphenyls     Hexachlorobenzene     Pentachlorobenzene     sources of releases     Annual production activities    

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Higher heating value prediction of torrefaction char produced from non-woody biomass

Nitipong SOPONPONGPIPAT,Dussadeeporn SITTIKUL,Unchana SAE-UENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 461-471 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0377-3

摘要： The higher heating value of five types of non-woody biomass and their torrefaction char was predicted and compared with the experimental data obtained in this paper. The correlation proposed in this paper and the ones suggested by previous researches were used for prediction. For prediction using proximate analysis data, the mass fraction of fixed carbon and volatile matter had a strong effect on the higher heating value prediction of torrefaction char of non-woody biomass. The high ash fraction found in torrefied char resulted in a decrease in prediction accuracy. However, the prediction could be improved by taking into account the effect of ash fraction. The correlation developed in this paper gave a better prediction than the ones suggested by previous researches, and had an absolute average error (AAE) of 2.74% and an absolute bias error (ABE) of 0.52%. For prediction using elemental analysis data, the mass fraction of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen had a strong effect on the higher heating value, while no relationship between the higher heating value and mass fractions of nitrogen and sulfur was discovered. The best correlation gave an AAE of 2.28% and an ABE of 1.36%.

关键词： higher heating value     correlation     biomass     proximate analysis     ultimate analysis    

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ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 437-447 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023507

摘要：

● Content of heavy metals in hydrochar varies considerably, from 50% to 100%.

关键词： heavy metals     dairy manure     hydrochar     hydrothermal carbonization     waste management    

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Addressing the environmental risk of persistent organic pollutants in China

Bin WANG, Jun HUANG, Shubo DENG, Xiaoling YANG, Gang YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 2-16 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0370-y

摘要： The Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was adopted in 2001. This year is the 10th anniversary of the adoption of the Convention. Until now, 22 chemicals or chemical categories have been listed as POPs in the Stockholm Convention. The POPs Research Center was established in Tsinghua University in the same year when the Convention was adopted. In the last ten years, much work has been done by Chinese researchers to understand the environmental risk of POPs in China. This article aims to review the recent research progress of our POPs Research Center and some other Chinese researchers’ studies in addressing the environmental risk of POPs, including the priority screening and inventory study of POPs, monitoring and modeling of POPs pollution and exposure, and environmental risk assessment and modeling of POPs. Although great advances in addressing the environmental risk of POPs have been made in recent years, we are still facing quite a few problems, such as data scarcity and uncertainty in environmental risk assessment of POPs. The study on the effect of POPs mixtures is in its infancy and currently POPs are usually assessed from legal perspective by risk assessment of single chemicals. These problems should be well addressed by further efforts. Further studies should also be taken in future to study environment risk of POPs by considering aspects of coupled dynamics between climate processes and POPs. Such sound scientific, risk-based information can support decision-making aiming to effectively minimize the risk level of POPs.

关键词： persistent organic pollutant (POPs)     environmental risk assessment     inventory     environmental monitoring     fugacity model     emerging POPs    

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Emerging contaminant control: From science to action

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1559-y

摘要： Since the concept of emerging contaminants (ECs) was first proposed in 2001, the global scientific research of ECs has developed rapidly. In the past decades, great progress has been achieved in the scientific research of ECs in China, including the establishment of EC analysis method system, the evaluation of the pollution status, pollution characteristics and environmental risk of ECs in typical regions of China, and establishment of EC control technology system. Continuous progress in scientific research of ECs promoted China’s action on EC control. It is planned that the environmental risk of ECs will be generally controlled by 2035 in China. Priority ECs should be screened for environmental management. Although great efforts have been made, the EC control in China still faces tremendous challenges. It is necessary to bridge the gap between scientific research and decision-making management. Based on the science and technology study, various measures such as engineering, policy management and public participation should be combinedly adopted for EC control.

关键词： Emerging contaminants     Priority pollutants     PPCPs     POPs     Control policy    

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Formation mechanism of solid product produced from co-pyrolysis of Pingdingshan lean coal with organic

Xiangchun Liu, Jun Hu, Ruilun Xie, Bin Fang, Ping Cui

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 363-372 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1944-7

摘要： A mixture of Pingdingshan lean coal and acid-treated Huadian oil shale was co-pyrolyzed in a drop-tube fixed-bed reactor in the temperature range of 300 °C–450 °C. To reveal the formation mechanism of the solid co-pyrolysis product, changes in some physicochemical properties were investigated, using analysis by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, pore analysis, thermogravimetry, and electron spin resonance. X-ray diffraction showed that the lattice plane spacing for the co-pyrolyzed mixture decreased from 0.357 nm to 0.346 nm and the average stacking height increased from 1.509 nm to 1.980 nm in the temperature range of 300 °C–450 °C, suggesting that pyrolysis treatment increased its degree of metamorphism. The amount of oxygen-containing functional groups and pore volume decreased with increasing temperature. Thermogravimetry and electron spin resonance results showed that synergistic effects occurred during the co-pyrolysis process. A formation mechanism for the solid product was proposed. Hydrogen-rich radicals generated from the pyrolysis of the oil shale were trapped by hydrogen-poor macromolecular radicals of the intermediate metaplast produced from coal pyrolysis, thereby increasing the yield of solid product.

关键词： co-pyrolysis     coal     oil shale     electron spin resonance     mechanism    

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Sorption of aromatic organophosphate flame retardants on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars

Ziwen Du, Chuyi Huang, Jiaqi Meng, Yaru Yuan, Ze Yin, Li Feng, Yongze Liu, Liqiu Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1220-6

摘要： TPhP showed faster and higher sorption on biochars than TPPO. Pyrochars had higher sorption capacity for TPPO than hydrochar. Hydrophobic interactions dominated TPhP sorption by biochars. The π-π EDA and electrostatic interactions are involved in sorption. Aromatic organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) pollutants and biochars are commonly present and continually released into soils due to their increasingly wide applications. In this study, for the first time, the sorption of OPFRs on biochars was investigated. Although triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) have similar molecular structures and sizes, TPhP exhibited much faster and higher sorption than TPPO due to its stronger hydrophobicity, suggesting the dominant role of hydrophobic interactions in TPhP sorption. The π-π electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interactions also contributed to the sorption process, as suggested by the negative correlation between the sorption capacity of the aromatic OPFRs and the aromatic index (H/C atomic ratios) of biochar. Density functional theory calculations further showed that one benzene ring of aromatic OPFRs has no electrons, which may interact with biochar via π-π EDA interactions. The electrostatic attraction between the protonated P = O in OPFRs and the negatively charged biochar was found to occur at pH below 7. This work provides insights into the sorption behaviors and mechanisms of aromatic OPFRs by biochars.

关键词： Organophosphate flame retardants     Hydrochar     Pyrochar     Adsorption     Emerging contaminants     Biochar    

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Hydrotreating of light gas oil using a NiMo catalyst supported on activated carbon produced from fluid

N. Rambabu,Sandeep Badoga,Kapil K. Soni,A.K. Dalai,J. Adjaye

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 161-170 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1430-1

摘要： Nitric acid functionalized steam activated carbon (NAFSAC) was prepared from waste fluid petroleum coke (FPC) and used as a support material for the synthesis of a NiMo catalyst (2.5 wt-% Ni and 13 wt-% Mo). The catalyst was then used for the hydrotreatment of light gas oil. The support and catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) gas adsorption method, X-ray diffraction, H -temperature programmed reduction, NH -temperature programmed desorption, CO-chemisorption, mass spetrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Boehm titration, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SEM results showed that the carbon material retained a needle like structure after functionalization with HNO . The Boehm titration, FTIR, and BET results confirmed that the HNO functionalized material had moderate acidity, surface functional groups, and mesoporosity respectively. The produced NAFSAC had an inert nature, exhibited the sink effect and few metal support interactions, and contained functional groups. All of which make it a suitable support material for the preparation of a NiMo hydrotreating catalyst. Hydrotreating activity studies of the NiMo/NAFSAC catalyst were carried out under industrial operating conditions in a laboratory trickle bed reactor using coker light gas oil as the feedstock. A parallel study was performed on the hydrotreating activity of NiMo/ -Al O as a reference catalyst. The hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation activities of the NiMo/NAFSAC catalyst were 62% and 30%, respectively.

关键词： activated carbon     fluid petroleum coke     NiMo catalyst     hydrotreating     light gas oil    

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Synthesis of zeolite Na-P1 from coal fly ash produced by gasification and its application as adsorbent

Yixin Zhang, Lu Zhou, Liqing Chen, Yang Guo, Fanhui Guo, Jianjun Wu, Baiqian Dai

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 518-527 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1926-9

摘要： The coal fly ash produced by gasification is estimated to be over 80 million ton per year in China by 2021. It has mainly been disposed as solid waste by landfill. There is lack of study focused on its utilization. In this paper, the coal fly ash produced by gasification was at first analyzed and then applied to synthesize zeolite as an adsorbent. The effects of synthesis conditions on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of zeolite were investigated. The results from X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope indicated that the crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite is the most important factor to affect the CEC. When the synthesized zeolite with the highest CEC (275.5 meq/100 g) was used for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) was found to be 17.924 mg/g. The effects of pH, contact time and initial concentration on the adsorption of Cr(VI) were also investigated. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms can be well described by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively.

关键词： coal fly ash     gasification     zeolite     Na-P1     chromium(VI)    

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Pyrolysis of WEEE plastics using catalysts produced from fly ash of coal gasification

Marika Benedetti, Lorenzo Cafiero, Doina De Angelis, Alessandro Dell’Era, Mauro Pasquali, Stefano Stendardo, Riccardo Tuffi, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0998-3

摘要： Catalytic pyrolysis of thermoplastics extracted from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) was investigated using various fly ash-derived catalysts. The catalysts were prepared from fly ash by a simple method that basically includes a mechanical treatment followed by an acid or a basic activation. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques. The results showed that not treated fly ash (FA) is characterized by good crystallinity, which in turn is lowered by mechanical and chemical treatment (fly ash after mechanical and acid activation, FAMA) and suppressed almost entirely down to let fly ash become completely amorphous (fly ash after mechanical and basic activation FAMB). Simultaneously, the surface area resulted increased. Subsequently, FA, FAMB and FAMA were used in the pyrolysis of a WEEE plastic sample at 400°C and their performance were compared with thermal pyrolysis at the same temperature. The catalysts principally improve the light oil yield: from 59wt.% with thermal pyrolysis to 83 wt.% using FAMB. The formation of styrene in the oil is also increased: from 243 mg/g with thermal pyrolysis to 453 mg/g using FAMB. As a result, FAMB proved to be the best catalyst, thus producing also the lowest and the highest amount of char and gas, respectively.

关键词： Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) plastic mixture     Pyrolysis     Catalyst     Fly ash     Oil    

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Study of engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics fueled with diesel-like fuel produced

V. Edwin Geo, Ankit Sonthalia, Fethi Aloui, Femilda Josephin J. S.

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1063-6

摘要：

To derive liquid fuel from waste engine oil and plastics thorough pyrolysis process

To make equal blend of waste engine oil and plastics with diesel fuel

To find the suitability of fuel from waste in diesel engine through performance, emission and combustion characteristics

关键词： Waste engine oil     Waste plastic oil     Diesel fuel     Pyrolysis     Compression ignition engine    

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Dynamic fate modeling of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane in the lower reaches of the Liao River

LIU Zhenyu, YANG Fenglin, QUAN Xie, ZHANG Xiaohong

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 166-171 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0029-x

摘要： A QWASI model dependent on temperature is parameterized to describe the long-term fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Liao River. The model parameters, namely fugacity capacity, degradation rate, and transfer coefficient, are profoundly affected by temperature. This model is used to simulate the fate of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in the lower reaches of the Liao River from 1998 to 2008. Modeling results show that γ-HCH fugacity capacities in air, water, and sediment increase as temperature decreases, and the transfer and transformation rate coefficients increase as temperature increases. The variations of transfer and transformation parameter values depend on fugacity capacities, and transfer and transformation coefficients simultaneously. The performance of the model is evaluated by comparing the predicted and observed concentrations in the water and sediment of the Liao River. The predicted values agree well with the observed value in the order of magnitude, in most cases within the factor of 3. It is believed that the model is appropriate for simulating the long term fate of POPs in the Liao River.

关键词： coefficient     POPs     temperature     sediment increase     dependent    

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Endosulfan in the Chinese environment: monitoring and modeling

Hongliang JIA, Liyan LIU, Yeqing SUN, Daoji CAI, Jianxin HU, Nanqi REN, Yifan LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 32-44 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0375-6

摘要： This paper reviews the usage and emissions of endosulfan, the newest member of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), in China, and its fate and behavior in Chinese environment. Endosulfan usage in China has been estimated to be approximately 25700 t between 1994 and 2004. Concentrations of endosulfan in different environmental compartments in China, such as air, soil, water, and biota, but focusing at air and surface soil, have been summarized. Concentrations of total endosulfan in surface soil across China were ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 19000 pg·g dry weight (dw), with geometric mean of 120 pg·g dw. The results indicated that endosulfan sulfate had highest concentration in Chinese soil, followed by - and -endosulfan. Air concentrations of endosulfan in China were ranged 0–340 pg·m for -endosulfan and 0–121 pg·m for -endosulfan, with high concentrations occurred in the cotton production areas. Gridded usage inventories of endosulfan on a fine gridded system with a 1/4° longitude by 1/6° latitude resolution were compiled, from which, emission to air and residues in soil of endosulfan were calculated in each grid by using a modified simplified gridded pesticide emission and residue model (SGPERM), an integrated modeling system combining mathematical model, database management system, and geographic information system. Total emissions were around 10800 t from 1994 to 2004. Based on the emission and residue inventories, concentrations of - and -endosulfan in Chinese air and agricultural surface soil were also calculated for each grid cell, which are in general consistent with the published monitoring data.

关键词： endosulfan     monitoring     modeling     inventories     persistent organic pollutants     persistent organic pollutants (POPs)    

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火灾条件下气溶胶灭火剂固体微粒沉降过程分析

陈长坤

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第1期   页码 48-51

摘要：

对火灾下气溶胶灭火剂固体微粒的空间分布特点及沉降过程进行了非稳态分析，给出了微粒粒径对其运动状态的影响特征，对固体微粒在流场中的稳定性及滞留时间进行了研究，获得了微粒到达火源表面的临界粒径表达式。结果表明，微粒沉降过程其沉降的雷诺数与粒子直径相关，且基本处于低雷诺数状态，沉降速度与微粒粒径的平方成正比。当微粒直径小于100 μm时，将在很短时间内达到相对稳定的流动状态；当微粒直径达到1 μm时，可在空间中长期滞留，并通过卷吸进入火焰区域，达到灭火的效果。

关键词： 固体微粒     气溶胶灭火剂     沉降过程    

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基于图像处理的超高速撞击碎片云的动态建模与损伤估计 Research Article

曾入,宋燕,吕伟臻

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第23卷 第4期   页码 555-570 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100049

摘要： 由于难以从实验中获得高质量碎片云图像，对薄板上超高速撞击产生的碎片云进行轨迹建模和有效损伤估计一直是一项具有挑战性的任务。为提高超高速撞击对典型双层板防护结构损伤的估计精度，本文结合传统数值分析结果，利用图像处理技术，研究了连续阴影图中碎片云的分布特征。本文的目标是从图像处理获取的阴影图中提取碎片云的目标运动参数，并构建轨迹模型用来估计损伤。在超高速撞击实验中，我们从超高速序列激光阴影成像设备中获得8个连续阴影图片帧，从中选择4个具有代表性的帧用于后续特征分析。然后，利用去噪和分割等图像处理技术，从连续图像帧中提取特殊碎片特征。在提取的信息基础上，进行碎片图像匹配，并根据匹配的碎片对碎片云的轨迹进行建模。本文方法获得的结果与传统数值推导结果的对比表明，从图像处理中获取超高速撞击实验数据的方法可以为改进数值模拟方法提供关键信息。最后，基于所构建的模型，提出一种改进的后壁损伤估计方法。估计的损坏与后墙实际损坏情况的对比证明了所提模型的有效性。

关键词： 碎片云；超高速撞击；图像处理；损伤估计    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Potential sources of unintentionally produced PCB, HCB, and PeCBz in China: A preliminary overview

Xiaotu Liu, Heidelore Fiedler, Wenwen Gong, Bin Wang, Gang Yu

期刊论文

Higher heating value prediction of torrefaction char produced from non-woody biomass

Nitipong SOPONPONGPIPAT,Dussadeeporn SITTIKUL,Unchana SAE-UENG

期刊论文

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE

期刊论文

Addressing the environmental risk of persistent organic pollutants in China

Bin WANG, Jun HUANG, Shubo DENG, Xiaoling YANG, Gang YU

期刊论文

Emerging contaminant control: From science to action

期刊论文

Formation mechanism of solid product produced from co-pyrolysis of Pingdingshan lean coal with organic

Xiangchun Liu, Jun Hu, Ruilun Xie, Bin Fang, Ping Cui

期刊论文

Sorption of aromatic organophosphate flame retardants on thermally and hydrothermally produced biochars

Ziwen Du, Chuyi Huang, Jiaqi Meng, Yaru Yuan, Ze Yin, Li Feng, Yongze Liu, Liqiu Zhang

期刊论文

Hydrotreating of light gas oil using a NiMo catalyst supported on activated carbon produced from fluid

N. Rambabu,Sandeep Badoga,Kapil K. Soni,A.K. Dalai,J. Adjaye

期刊论文

Synthesis of zeolite Na-P1 from coal fly ash produced by gasification and its application as adsorbent

Yixin Zhang, Lu Zhou, Liqing Chen, Yang Guo, Fanhui Guo, Jianjun Wu, Baiqian Dai

期刊论文

Pyrolysis of WEEE plastics using catalysts produced from fly ash of coal gasification

Marika Benedetti, Lorenzo Cafiero, Doina De Angelis, Alessandro Dell’Era, Mauro Pasquali, Stefano Stendardo, Riccardo Tuffi, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti

期刊论文

Study of engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics fueled with diesel-like fuel produced

V. Edwin Geo, Ankit Sonthalia, Fethi Aloui, Femilda Josephin J. S.

期刊论文

Dynamic fate modeling of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane in the lower reaches of the Liao River

LIU Zhenyu, YANG Fenglin, QUAN Xie, ZHANG Xiaohong

期刊论文

Endosulfan in the Chinese environment: monitoring and modeling

Hongliang JIA, Liyan LIU, Yeqing SUN, Daoji CAI, Jianxin HU, Nanqi REN, Yifan LI

期刊论文

火灾条件下气溶胶灭火剂固体微粒沉降过程分析

陈长坤

期刊论文

基于图像处理的超高速撞击碎片云的动态建模与损伤估计

曾入,宋燕,吕伟臻

期刊论文